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Day 6 of 90

Where is it

Directions, and the other verb for to be. About 11 minutes. Grammar: estar, and ser against estar.

Spanish has two verbs where English has one, and today you meet the second. The rule that actually works is simpler than the one most courses teach.

Asking

One question shape covers almost everything you need to find.

¿dónde está el baño?where is the toilet?The single most useful question on this page.
¿dónde está la estación?where is the station?Swap the noun and the sentence is done.
¿hay un banco por aquí?is there a bank around here?hay is there is and there are, one word for both.
estoy perdidoI am lostA woman says perdida.
Why it works this way

está asks where a specific thing is, and hay asks whether any such thing exists nearby. That is the difference between where is the bank, which assumes one, and is there a bank, which does not. Choosing the wrong one is understood but it quietly tells the listener something untrue about what you already know.

The answer

Learn to receive directions, not just ask for them.

a la derechaon the righta la izquierda is on the left.
todo rectostraight aheadderecho in much of Latin America, which is confusingly close to derecha.
está cerca, está lejosit is near, it is far
en la esquinaon the corneral lado de is next to. enfrente de is opposite.
Why it works this way

derecha is right as a direction and derecho is straight ahead in most of Latin America, one letter apart and both extremely common in the same sentence. When you are unsure, watch the hand. Spanish speakers gesture directions almost without exception, and the gesture is more reliable than your ear in the first month.

ser or estar

Both mean to be. The split is not what most courses tell you.

estoy, estás, estáI am, you are, he or she isestar. Note the accents on estás and está.
el banco está en la plazathe bank is in the squareLocation always takes estar, even though a bank does not move.
Ana es doctoraAna is a doctorser for identity. No article before the job.
Ana está cansadaAna is tiredestar for a state she is currently in.
Why it works this way

The rule usually taught is permanent against temporary, and it fails immediately, because a building is permanent and still takes estar. The rule that holds is this: ser says what something is, estar says where it is or how it is doing. A bank is a bank, which is ser, and it is in the square, which is estar. Run any sentence through what against how and where, and you will be right far more often.

el baño, and what to ask for

el baño is the everyday word across Latin America. In Spain ask for el servicio or los servicios. el aseo is the sign you will see written. Asking ¿dónde está el baño? anywhere in the Spanish speaking world will be understood, so use it and let the local word arrive on its own.

Carry these forward

Four lines from today that later days assume you know.

¿dónde está?where is it?
a la derechaon the right
haythere is, there are
está cercait is near

Check yourself

Eight questions. Finishing them marks the day done.

Question 1 of 8

You do not know whether the town has a pharmacy. You ask

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