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Day 5 of 90

Numbers and prices

One to twenty, and asking what things cost. About 10 minutes. Grammar: cuánto and cuesta.

Numbers are the part of a new language that fails first under pressure, because prices come at you fast and nobody repeats them slowly. Today is worth doing twice.

One to twelve

These twelve have to be automatic, not worked out.

uno, dos, tres, cuatro1, 2, 3, 4uno becomes un before a masculine noun: un café, not uno café.
cinco, seis, siete, ocho5, 6, 7, 8siete and seis are easy to confuse when spoken quickly.
nueve, diez, once, doce9, 10, 11, 12once and doce look nothing like nine and ten, so they need separate work.
cero0Used in phone numbers and prices.
Why it works this way

uno is the number and un is the article, and they are the same word doing two jobs. That is why quiero uno means I want one, standing alone, and quiero un café means I want a coffee. Feminine nouns take una in both roles, so quiero una is I want one when the thing is feminine.

Thirteen to twenty

The pattern changes at sixteen, and then it is regular forever.

trece, catorce, quince13, 14, 15One word each, and none of them follow an obvious rule.
dieciséis, diecisiete16, 17Literally ten and six, ten and seven, written as one word.
dieciocho, diecinueve18, 19Same construction. dieciséis is the only one carrying an accent.
veinte20Then veintiuno, veintidós, up to veintinueve.
Why it works this way

From sixteen onward Spanish stops inventing new words and starts gluing: diez y seis compressed into dieciséis. After thirty it separates again, treinta y uno as three words. So there are exactly fifteen number words to memorise, from cero to quince, and everything after that is assembly.

Prices

Ask, hear, and check.

¿cuánto cuesta?how much does it cost?For one thing.
¿cuánto cuestan?how much do they cost?For more than one. The n is the plural.
¿cuánto es?how much is it?For the total. This is what you ask at the till.
es muy caroit is very expensivebarato is cheap.
Why it works this way

cuesta and cuestan differ by one letter and that letter tells you whether the price covers one item or several, which is exactly the information you need when a market seller quotes you a number. English does the same work with does and do, so the machinery is familiar. What is new is that the marker sits on the end of the verb rather than in front of it.

The decimal comma

Most Spanish speaking countries write prices with a comma where English uses a point, so 1.500,50 is one thousand five hundred and fifty cents, not one point five. Mexico is the notable exception and uses the English convention. When a price is written down and looks wrong by a factor of a thousand, this is usually why.

Carry these forward

Four lines from today that later days assume you know.

¿cuánto cuesta?how much does it cost?
quince15
veinte20
es muy caroit is very expensive

Check yourself

Eight questions. Finishing them marks the day done.

Question 1 of 8

Which is 15?

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